What this pathway does
The pathway helps process estrogen through oxidation, methylation, glucuronidation, and sulfation so hormone exposure does not depend on one clearance route alone.
Why it matters
It matters because estrogen handling overlaps with methylation demand and detox support, which can make broad hormone discussions too vague to be useful.
What creates pressure on this pathway
- slower estrogen clearance through one or more routes
- higher dependence on methylation and detox support to keep hormone handling balanced
Validation markers to consider
- estrogen metabolite context
- SHBG
- liver support context
Genes and SNPs connected to this pathway
This is about how quickly your body breaks down estrogen-like hormones. Everyone makes estrogen, including men.
Study rows support the SNP/gene claim. The pathway connection comes from the curated gene-to-pathway map.
What may run higher
Your body may break down estrogen-like hormones quickly.
What may work more slowly
Estrogen-like hormones may stay in your body longer.
What to check next
For men, check symptoms first, then liver enzymes, SHBG, testosterone, estradiol, medication history, alcohol intake, and body composition if relevant.
7mapped genes
10mapped SNPs
20SNP/gene claims
13report eligible
UGT1A13 SNPs - 7 claimsShow SNPs
Open gene pagers41483231 claims - 2 study rows
enzyme activity - A
UGT1A1 glucuronidation activity
rs4148323 A, the UGT1A1*6 allele, is associated with reduced UGT1A1 glucuronidation activity.
UGT1A1 rs4148323 is staged as a reduced glucuronidation-capacity allele with relevance to bilirubin and drug glucuronidation.
Likely effectLower enzyme activity signal
Signal sizeSmall signal
Evidence supportModerate support
Report useIncluded in pathway scoring
Show study evidence
NCBI Bookshelf NBK593302clinical curation - directNCBI Medical Genetics Summaries identifies UGT1A1*6 as rs4148323, 211G>A / Gly71Arg, and lists it among UGT1A1 decreased-function alleles; the same summary explains that UGT1A1 glucuronidates bilirubin and many drugs. This supports the A allele as a reduced UGT1A1 activity claim rather than a disease-risk claim.PMCID PMC4775324review - directThe checked review describes UGT1A1*6 (rs4148323) as Gly71Arg, lists A as the variant allele, and states that UGT1A1*6 is associated with reduced activity. It is included only as capped review-level support alongside the NCBI curation.
rs81753473 claims - 9 study rows
enzyme activity - 77
UGT1A1 enzyme activity
rs8175347 77 is associated with reduced UGT1A1 enzyme activity.
UGT1A1 rs8175347 is scored as lower UGT1A1 activity when the 7-repeat allele is present, with the strongest score for 77.
Likely effectLower enzyme activity signal
Signal sizeModerate signal
Evidence supportStrong support
Report useIncluded in pathway scoring
Show study evidence
PubMed 25394086clinical curation - close proxyThe PubMed abstract for this clinical study describes UGT1A1*28 rs8175347 as a promoter TA-repeat polymorphism. It states that 6 TA repeats correspond to normal UGT1A1 activity, while 7 repeats in one or two copies are associated with lower activity and can contribute to higher indirect bilirubin or altered handling of drugs metabolized by UGT1A1.PMC3938665biomarker association - loose proxyA study in healthy North-Europeans found that UGT1A1 rs8175347 TA-repeat genotypes were closely related to bilirubin concentration. The paper reports that TA7/TA7 diplotypes had higher bilirubin than other diplotypes and concludes that the TA7 allele was the predominant UGT1A1 variant responsible for increased bilirubin in that population.PubMed 34866848biomarker association - loose proxyThis PubMed record describes UGT1A1*28 as the 7TA allele in the UGT1A1 promoter and states that the additional TA repeat leads to a significant decrease in liver UGT-1A enzymatic activity and glucuronidation. The abstract also cautions that symptoms and bilirubin alone do not make a definitive Gilbert syndrome diagnosis.
enzyme activity - 67
UGT1A1 enzyme activity
rs8175347 67 is associated with reduced UGT1A1 enzyme activity.
UGT1A1 rs8175347 is scored as lower UGT1A1 activity when the 7-repeat allele is present, with the strongest score for 77.
Likely effectLower enzyme activity signal
Signal sizeSmall signal
Evidence supportStrong support
Report useIncluded in pathway scoring
Show study evidence
PubMed 25394086clinical curation - close proxyThe PubMed abstract for this clinical study describes UGT1A1*28 rs8175347 as a promoter TA-repeat polymorphism. It states that 6 TA repeats correspond to normal UGT1A1 activity, while 7 repeats in one or two copies are associated with lower activity and can contribute to higher indirect bilirubin or altered handling of drugs metabolized by UGT1A1.PMC3938665biomarker association - loose proxyA study in healthy North-Europeans found that UGT1A1 rs8175347 TA-repeat genotypes were closely related to bilirubin concentration. The paper reports that TA7/TA7 diplotypes had higher bilirubin than other diplotypes and concludes that the TA7 allele was the predominant UGT1A1 variant responsible for increased bilirubin in that population.PubMed 34866848biomarker association - loose proxyThis PubMed record describes UGT1A1*28 as the 7TA allele in the UGT1A1 promoter and states that the additional TA repeat leads to a significant decrease in liver UGT-1A enzymatic activity and glucuronidation. The abstract also cautions that symptoms and bilirubin alone do not make a definitive Gilbert syndrome diagnosis.
enzyme activity - 66
UGT1A1 enzyme activity
rs8175347 66 has no scored directional claim for UGT1A1 enzyme activity.
UGT1A1 rs8175347 is scored as lower UGT1A1 activity when the 7-repeat allele is present, with the strongest score for 77.
Likely effectNo clear enzyme signal
Signal sizeMinimal signal
Evidence supportVery limited support
Report useEvidence only, not scored
Show study evidence
PubMed 25394086clinical curation - close proxyThe PubMed abstract for this clinical study describes UGT1A1*28 rs8175347 as a promoter TA-repeat polymorphism. It states that 6 TA repeats correspond to normal UGT1A1 activity, while 7 repeats in one or two copies are associated with lower activity and can contribute to higher indirect bilirubin or altered handling of drugs metabolized by UGT1A1.PMC3938665biomarker association - loose proxyA study in healthy North-Europeans found that UGT1A1 rs8175347 TA-repeat genotypes were closely related to bilirubin concentration. The paper reports that TA7/TA7 diplotypes had higher bilirubin than other diplotypes and concludes that the TA7 allele was the predominant UGT1A1 variant responsible for increased bilirubin in that population.PubMed 34866848biomarker association - loose proxyThis PubMed record describes UGT1A1*28 as the 7TA allele in the UGT1A1 promoter and states that the additional TA repeat leads to a significant decrease in liver UGT-1A enzymatic activity and glucuronidation. The abstract also cautions that symptoms and bilirubin alone do not make a definitive Gilbert syndrome diagnosis.
rs8878293 claims - 9 study rows
biomarker tendency - TT
UGT1A1 biomarker tendency
rs887829 TT is associated with increased UGT1A1 biomarker tendency.
UGT1A1-region rs887829 is scored as a higher bilirubin tendency when the T allele is present, with a stronger score for TT than CT.
Likely effectHigher biomarker tendency
Signal sizeSmall signal
Evidence supportStrong support
Report useIncluded in pathway scoring
Show study evidence
NCBI RefSNP recordidentity only - unknownNCBI RefSNP places rs887829 in the UGT1A gene region and annotates it upstream of UGT1A1, with C and T as the common allele labels in population datasets. This supports a UGT1A1-region biomarker-tendency record rather than a direct coding enzyme-change record.PMC3306855gwas - close proxyA genome-wide study in African Americans found that UGT1A1 was a major locus for serum total bilirubin. The strongest signal was rs887829, and the paper reports that each copy of the T allele was associated with higher serum bilirubin in both prior European evidence and the African American cohort.PMC10451688gwas - close proxyA Danish child and adolescent GWAS reported rs887829 as the most significant bilirubin-associated SNP in its analysis and notes that this marker is located in the UGT1A1*28 locus, which has been strongly and positively associated with circulating bilirubin in adults.
biomarker tendency - CT
UGT1A1 biomarker tendency
rs887829 CT is associated with increased UGT1A1 biomarker tendency.
UGT1A1-region rs887829 is scored as a higher bilirubin tendency when the T allele is present, with a stronger score for TT than CT.
Likely effectHigher biomarker tendency
Signal sizeSmall signal
Evidence supportStrong support
Report useIncluded in pathway scoring
Show study evidence
NCBI RefSNP recordidentity only - unknownNCBI RefSNP places rs887829 in the UGT1A gene region and annotates it upstream of UGT1A1, with C and T as the common allele labels in population datasets. This supports a UGT1A1-region biomarker-tendency record rather than a direct coding enzyme-change record.PMC3306855gwas - close proxyA genome-wide study in African Americans found that UGT1A1 was a major locus for serum total bilirubin. The strongest signal was rs887829, and the paper reports that each copy of the T allele was associated with higher serum bilirubin in both prior European evidence and the African American cohort.PMC10451688gwas - close proxyA Danish child and adolescent GWAS reported rs887829 as the most significant bilirubin-associated SNP in its analysis and notes that this marker is located in the UGT1A1*28 locus, which has been strongly and positively associated with circulating bilirubin in adults.
biomarker tendency - CC
UGT1A1 biomarker tendency
rs887829 CC has no scored directional claim for UGT1A1 biomarker tendency.
UGT1A1-region rs887829 is scored as a higher bilirubin tendency when the T allele is present, with a stronger score for TT than CT.
Likely effectNo clear biomarker tendency
Signal sizeMinimal signal
Evidence supportVery limited support
Report useEvidence only, not scored
Show study evidence
NCBI RefSNP recordidentity only - unknownNCBI RefSNP places rs887829 in the UGT1A gene region and annotates it upstream of UGT1A1, with C and T as the common allele labels in population datasets. This supports a UGT1A1-region biomarker-tendency record rather than a direct coding enzyme-change record.PMC3306855gwas - close proxyA genome-wide study in African Americans found that UGT1A1 was a major locus for serum total bilirubin. The strongest signal was rs887829, and the paper reports that each copy of the T allele was associated with higher serum bilirubin in both prior European evidence and the African American cohort.PMC10451688gwas - close proxyA Danish child and adolescent GWAS reported rs887829 as the most significant bilirubin-associated SNP in its analysis and notes that this marker is located in the UGT1A1*28 locus, which has been strongly and positively associated with circulating bilirubin in adults.
COMT1 SNPs - 3 claimsShow SNPs
Open gene pagers46803 claims - 9 study rows
enzyme activity - AA
COMT enzyme activity
rs4680 AA is associated with reduced COMT enzyme activity.
COMT rs4680 is scored as a lower COMT enzyme-activity tendency for A-containing genotypes, strongest for AA and intermediate for AG.
Likely effectLower enzyme activity signal
Signal sizeModerate signal
Evidence supportStrong support
Report useIncluded in pathway scoring
Show study evidence
NCBI RefSNP recordidentity only - unknownNCBI RefSNP data identify rs4680 in COMT as NM_000754.4:c.472G>A with a Val-to-Met protein substitution at residue 158 in the membrane-bound COMT transcript. The A allele corresponds to the Met form in these transcript annotations.PubMed 15457404functional assay - directChen et al. measured COMT mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity in postmortem human prefrontal cortex and reported that Val158Met, rs4680, significantly affected protein abundance and enzyme activity. Their results support lower COMT activity for A-containing genotypes, with AA lower than AG.Evidence 3clinical curation - loose proxyNCBI MedGen summarizes COMT activity variation as a codominant pattern: Met158 has lower thermostability and lower activity than Val158, and heterozygotes have intermediate activity. This supports the three-level genotype scoring used here.
enzyme activity - AG
COMT enzyme activity
rs4680 AG is associated with reduced COMT enzyme activity.
COMT rs4680 is scored as a lower COMT enzyme-activity tendency for A-containing genotypes, strongest for AA and intermediate for AG.
Likely effectLower enzyme activity signal
Signal sizeSmall signal
Evidence supportStrong support
Report useIncluded in pathway scoring
Show study evidence
NCBI RefSNP recordidentity only - unknownNCBI RefSNP data identify rs4680 in COMT as NM_000754.4:c.472G>A with a Val-to-Met protein substitution at residue 158 in the membrane-bound COMT transcript. The A allele corresponds to the Met form in these transcript annotations.PubMed 15457404functional assay - directChen et al. measured COMT mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity in postmortem human prefrontal cortex and reported that Val158Met, rs4680, significantly affected protein abundance and enzyme activity. Their results support lower COMT activity for A-containing genotypes, with AA lower than AG.Evidence 3clinical curation - loose proxyNCBI MedGen summarizes COMT activity variation as a codominant pattern: Met158 has lower thermostability and lower activity than Val158, and heterozygotes have intermediate activity. This supports the three-level genotype scoring used here.
enzyme activity - GG
COMT enzyme activity
rs4680 GG has no scored directional claim for COMT enzyme activity.
COMT rs4680 is scored as a lower COMT enzyme-activity tendency for A-containing genotypes, strongest for AA and intermediate for AG.
Likely effectNo clear enzyme signal
Signal sizeMinimal signal
Evidence supportVery limited support
Report useEvidence only, not scored
Show study evidence
NCBI RefSNP recordidentity only - unknownNCBI RefSNP data identify rs4680 in COMT as NM_000754.4:c.472G>A with a Val-to-Met protein substitution at residue 158 in the membrane-bound COMT transcript. The A allele corresponds to the Met form in these transcript annotations.PubMed 15457404functional assay - directChen et al. measured COMT mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity in postmortem human prefrontal cortex and reported that Val158Met, rs4680, significantly affected protein abundance and enzyme activity. Their results support lower COMT activity for A-containing genotypes, with AA lower than AG.Evidence 3clinical curation - loose proxyNCBI MedGen summarizes COMT activity variation as a codominant pattern: Met158 has lower thermostability and lower activity than Val158, and heterozygotes have intermediate activity. This supports the three-level genotype scoring used here.
MTHFR2 SNPs - 6 claimsShow SNPs
Open gene pagers18011313 claims - 9 study rows
enzyme activity - GG
MTHFR enzyme activity
rs1801131 GG is associated with reduced MTHFR enzyme activity.
MTHFR rs1801131 is scored as a mild lower-activity tendency, with stronger scoring for the two-copy genotype than the one-copy genotype.
Likely effectLower enzyme activity signal
Signal sizeSmall signal
Evidence supportLimited support
Report useIncluded in pathway scoring
Show study evidence
ClinVar recordidentity only - unknownClinVar Variation ID 3521 identifies rs1801131 as MTHFR NM_005957.5:c.1286A>C, protein p.Glu429Ala, also named MTHFR 1298A-C / GLU429ALA. The canonical SPDI shown by ClinVar is NC_000001.11:11794418:T:G, so this file uses the dbSNP/GRCh38 forward-strand genotype letters T and G. ClinVar classifications for listed germline conditions are mostly benign or benign/likely benign, so this record is limited to enzyme-activity tendency.PubMed 9719624functional assay - directWeisberg et al. 1998 characterized MTHFR A1298C as an E-to-A substitution and reported that the polymorphism was associated with decreased enzyme activity; homozygotes had approximately 60% of control activity in lymphocytes. The abstract also reported lower activity in people heterozygous for both C677T and A1298C, but it does not give an equally direct single-heterozygote A1298C estimate, so GT is assigned a small magnitude and lower certainty.PubMed 23288205clinical curation - close proxyThe 2013 ACMG practice guideline says MTHFR polymorphism testing has minimal clinical utility in routine thrombophilia evaluation and discusses disproven or weak disease-risk associations. This supports conservative certainty and prevents using this genotype-effect row as a diagnosis, disease-risk estimate, or treatment rule.
enzyme activity - GT
MTHFR enzyme activity
rs1801131 GT is associated with reduced MTHFR enzyme activity.
MTHFR rs1801131 is scored as a mild lower-activity tendency, with stronger scoring for the two-copy genotype than the one-copy genotype.
Likely effectLower enzyme activity signal
Signal sizeMinimal signal
Evidence supportLimited support
Report useEvidence only, not scored
Show study evidence
ClinVar recordidentity only - unknownClinVar Variation ID 3521 identifies rs1801131 as MTHFR NM_005957.5:c.1286A>C, protein p.Glu429Ala, also named MTHFR 1298A-C / GLU429ALA. The canonical SPDI shown by ClinVar is NC_000001.11:11794418:T:G, so this file uses the dbSNP/GRCh38 forward-strand genotype letters T and G. ClinVar classifications for listed germline conditions are mostly benign or benign/likely benign, so this record is limited to enzyme-activity tendency.PubMed 9719624functional assay - directWeisberg et al. 1998 characterized MTHFR A1298C as an E-to-A substitution and reported that the polymorphism was associated with decreased enzyme activity; homozygotes had approximately 60% of control activity in lymphocytes. The abstract also reported lower activity in people heterozygous for both C677T and A1298C, but it does not give an equally direct single-heterozygote A1298C estimate, so GT is assigned a small magnitude and lower certainty.PubMed 23288205clinical curation - close proxyThe 2013 ACMG practice guideline says MTHFR polymorphism testing has minimal clinical utility in routine thrombophilia evaluation and discusses disproven or weak disease-risk associations. This supports conservative certainty and prevents using this genotype-effect row as a diagnosis, disease-risk estimate, or treatment rule.
enzyme activity - TT
MTHFR enzyme activity
rs1801131 TT has no scored directional claim for MTHFR enzyme activity.
MTHFR rs1801131 is scored as a mild lower-activity tendency, with stronger scoring for the two-copy genotype than the one-copy genotype.
Likely effectNo clear enzyme signal
Signal sizeMinimal signal
Evidence supportVery limited support
Report useEvidence only, not scored
Show study evidence
ClinVar recordidentity only - unknownClinVar Variation ID 3521 identifies rs1801131 as MTHFR NM_005957.5:c.1286A>C, protein p.Glu429Ala, also named MTHFR 1298A-C / GLU429ALA. The canonical SPDI shown by ClinVar is NC_000001.11:11794418:T:G, so this file uses the dbSNP/GRCh38 forward-strand genotype letters T and G. ClinVar classifications for listed germline conditions are mostly benign or benign/likely benign, so this record is limited to enzyme-activity tendency.PubMed 9719624functional assay - directWeisberg et al. 1998 characterized MTHFR A1298C as an E-to-A substitution and reported that the polymorphism was associated with decreased enzyme activity; homozygotes had approximately 60% of control activity in lymphocytes. The abstract also reported lower activity in people heterozygous for both C677T and A1298C, but it does not give an equally direct single-heterozygote A1298C estimate, so GT is assigned a small magnitude and lower certainty.PubMed 23288205clinical curation - close proxyThe 2013 ACMG practice guideline says MTHFR polymorphism testing has minimal clinical utility in routine thrombophilia evaluation and discusses disproven or weak disease-risk associations. This supports conservative certainty and prevents using this genotype-effect row as a diagnosis, disease-risk estimate, or treatment rule.
rs18011333 claims - 9 study rows
enzyme activity - AA
MTHFR enzyme activity
rs1801133 AA is associated with reduced MTHFR enzyme activity.
MTHFR rs1801133 is scored as a lower-activity tendency, with stronger scoring for the two-copy genotype than the one-copy genotype.
Likely effectLower enzyme activity signal
Signal sizeModerate signal
Evidence supportModerate support
Report useIncluded in pathway scoring
Show study evidence
ClinVar recordidentity only - unknownClinVar Variation ID 3520 identifies rs1801133 as MTHFR NM_005957.5:c.665C>T, protein p.Ala222Val, also named MTHFR 677C-T / ALA222VAL. The canonical SPDI shown by ClinVar is NC_000001.11:11796320:G:A, so this file uses the dbSNP/GRCh38 forward-strand genotype letters G and A. ClinVar condition classifications are mixed and include benign, uncertain, conflicting, and drug-response contexts, so this record is limited to enzyme-activity tendency rather than disease interpretation.PubMed 7647779functional assay - directFrosst et al. 1995 reported a common MTHFR mutation that changes a conserved amino acid. The PubMed abstract states that heterozygous or homozygous mutation status correlated with reduced enzyme activity and increased thermolability in lymphocyte extracts, and that homozygous individuals had significantly elevated plasma homocysteine. This supports a negative enzyme-activity direction for A-containing genotypes, with a larger magnitude for AA than AG.PubMed 23288205clinical curation - close proxyThe 2013 ACMG practice guideline says MTHFR polymorphism testing has minimal clinical utility in routine thrombophilia evaluation and discusses disproven or weak disease-risk associations. This supports conservative certainty and prevents using this genotype-effect row as a diagnosis, disease-risk estimate, or treatment rule.
enzyme activity - AG
MTHFR enzyme activity
rs1801133 AG is associated with reduced MTHFR enzyme activity.
MTHFR rs1801133 is scored as a lower-activity tendency, with stronger scoring for the two-copy genotype than the one-copy genotype.
Likely effectLower enzyme activity signal
Signal sizeSmall signal
Evidence supportLimited support
Report useEvidence only, not scored
Show study evidence
ClinVar recordidentity only - unknownClinVar Variation ID 3520 identifies rs1801133 as MTHFR NM_005957.5:c.665C>T, protein p.Ala222Val, also named MTHFR 677C-T / ALA222VAL. The canonical SPDI shown by ClinVar is NC_000001.11:11796320:G:A, so this file uses the dbSNP/GRCh38 forward-strand genotype letters G and A. ClinVar condition classifications are mixed and include benign, uncertain, conflicting, and drug-response contexts, so this record is limited to enzyme-activity tendency rather than disease interpretation.PubMed 7647779functional assay - directFrosst et al. 1995 reported a common MTHFR mutation that changes a conserved amino acid. The PubMed abstract states that heterozygous or homozygous mutation status correlated with reduced enzyme activity and increased thermolability in lymphocyte extracts, and that homozygous individuals had significantly elevated plasma homocysteine. This supports a negative enzyme-activity direction for A-containing genotypes, with a larger magnitude for AA than AG.PubMed 23288205clinical curation - close proxyThe 2013 ACMG practice guideline says MTHFR polymorphism testing has minimal clinical utility in routine thrombophilia evaluation and discusses disproven or weak disease-risk associations. This supports conservative certainty and prevents using this genotype-effect row as a diagnosis, disease-risk estimate, or treatment rule.
enzyme activity - GG
MTHFR enzyme activity
rs1801133 GG has no scored directional claim for MTHFR enzyme activity.
MTHFR rs1801133 is scored as a lower-activity tendency, with stronger scoring for the two-copy genotype than the one-copy genotype.
Likely effectNo clear enzyme signal
Signal sizeMinimal signal
Evidence supportVery limited support
Report useEvidence only, not scored
Show study evidence
ClinVar recordidentity only - unknownClinVar Variation ID 3520 identifies rs1801133 as MTHFR NM_005957.5:c.665C>T, protein p.Ala222Val, also named MTHFR 677C-T / ALA222VAL. The canonical SPDI shown by ClinVar is NC_000001.11:11796320:G:A, so this file uses the dbSNP/GRCh38 forward-strand genotype letters G and A. ClinVar condition classifications are mixed and include benign, uncertain, conflicting, and drug-response contexts, so this record is limited to enzyme-activity tendency rather than disease interpretation.PubMed 7647779functional assay - directFrosst et al. 1995 reported a common MTHFR mutation that changes a conserved amino acid. The PubMed abstract states that heterozygous or homozygous mutation status correlated with reduced enzyme activity and increased thermolability in lymphocyte extracts, and that homozygous individuals had significantly elevated plasma homocysteine. This supports a negative enzyme-activity direction for A-containing genotypes, with a larger magnitude for AA than AG.PubMed 23288205clinical curation - close proxyThe 2013 ACMG practice guideline says MTHFR polymorphism testing has minimal clinical utility in routine thrombophilia evaluation and discusses disproven or weak disease-risk associations. This supports conservative certainty and prevents using this genotype-effect row as a diagnosis, disease-risk estimate, or treatment rule.
CYP3A41 SNPs - 1 claimsShow SNPs
Open gene pagers355993671 claims - 2 study rows
enzyme activity - T
CYP3A4 activity tendency
rs35599367 T / CYP3A4*22 is associated with lower CYP3A4 activity tendency through altered splicing.
CYP3A4 rs35599367 T is staged as a reduced-function CYP3A4*22 allele.
Likely effectLower enzyme activity signal
Signal sizeSmall signal
Evidence supportStrong support
Report useIncluded in pathway scoring
Show study evidence
PMCID PMC4674354functional assay - directThe checked splicing source reports that CYP3A4*22 / rs35599367 T increases a partial intron-retaining splice form and lowers full-length functional CYP3A4 transcript context.PMID 23327575clinical curation - directThe checked clinical probe study reports rs35599367 C>T / CYP3A4*22 is associated with lower CYP3A4 activity measured with midazolam and erythromycin probes.
CYP3A51 SNPs - 1 claimsShow SNPs
Open gene pagers7767461 claims - 1 study rows
expression - GG
CYP3A5 functional expression
rs776746 GG, corresponding to CYP3A5*3/*3, is associated with absent or markedly reduced CYP3A5 functional expression.
CYP3A5 rs776746 is staged as a homozygous CYP3A5*3 no-functional-expression genotype.
Likely effectLower gene expression signal
Signal sizeModerate signal
Evidence supportModerate support
Report useIncluded in pathway scoring
UGT1A41 SNPs - 1 claimsShow SNPs
Open gene pagers20114251 claims - 1 study rows
enzyme activity - G
UGT1A4 glucuronidation activity
rs2011425 G is associated with higher UGT1A4 glucuronidation activity for the checked substrate context.
UGT1A4 rs2011425 is staged as a phase-II glucuronidation claim, with pathway placement treated as close proxy rather than estrogen-specific evidence.
Likely effectHigher enzyme activity signal
Signal sizeSmall signal
Evidence supportModerate support
Report useIncluded in pathway scoring
UGT2B151 SNPs - 1 claimsShow SNPs
Open gene pagers19020231 claims - 1 study rows
enzyme activity - C
androgen glucuronidation activity tendency
rs1902023 C is associated with higher testosterone- and DHT-glucuronide formation in low-UGT2B17 human liver microsome context.
UGT2B15 rs1902023 C is staged as a context-dependent higher androgen glucuronidation activity allele in the source's A/C allele orientation.
Likely effectHigher enzyme activity signal
Signal sizeSmall signal
Evidence supportModerate support
Report useIncluded in pathway scoring
Where DNA analysis helps
DNA helps decide whether hormone clearance deserves its own pathway review rather than staying buried inside methylation or detox discussions.
Example interpretation
Hormone clearance may deserve more attention when methylation and detox overlap makes estrogen handling look less resilient.
Suggested validation: estrogen metabolites plus SHBG.
What to do next
- use metabolite context before assuming one gene explains the whole hormone picture
- review COMT, CYP1B1, and UGT1A1 together rather than separately